This new gene revolution is being driven by new gene editing tools such as CRISPR, allowing precise gene editing without the introduction of foreign genes.
- It is helping develop new varieties of GM crops (plants whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques) which are expected to enhance food security.
Status of GM crops in India
- Bt cotton is the only GM crop approved for commercial cultivation in India.
- In 2022, Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) has approved the environmental release of Mustard hybrid DMH-11; however, the matter is pending before Supreme Court.
- Several more crops such as chickpea, pigeonpea, corn, sugarcane, etc. are in various stages of research and field trials.
Significance of GM Crops
- Increased crop yield thus improving food availability and farmers’ income.
- Improve nutritious content, helping fight malnutrition.
- Offers beneficial traits to survive extreme weather and new climate-induced diseases and disasters.
- Can be optimized to better capture and store atmospheric carbon, thus helping fight climate change.
Concerns with GM Crops
- Probability of building up of resistance in target pests.
- Monopoly with respect to Intellectual Property by a few large companies.
- Often involve large-scale monocultures thus requiring great amounts of artificial fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation.
- Deficiencies in risk assessment of GM crops.
Regulation of GM crops in India
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