India on behalf of G4 Nations asserted that the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) needs reforms to tackle global challenges like extremism, cyber security threat, etc.
- G4 Nations (aka Group of Four resolution) includes Japan, Brazil, Germany and India as members and all of whom are aspiring to become permanent members of the Council.
- Group has proposed that Council's membership shall be increased from 15 to 25, by adding six permanent and four non-permanent members.
Need of UNSC Reform
- Lack of representation: Like non representation of Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the under-representation of Asia Pacific in the permanent category.
- Declining Credibility: Failed in resolving conflicts. E.g. Russia- Ukraine
- Interest based Decision Making: Veto power is used by permanent members to fulfil their interest. E.g. China vetoed Indian resolution for designating certain persons as global terrorist.
- For India: Enhancing say in global issues, especially related with global south, policy making on issues like terrorism, etc.
Challenges in Reforms
- Require amendments in the United Nations Charter
- Reforms proposed by G4 and L.69 Group (cross-regional grouping of developing) are opposed by group like Uniting for Consensus (the Coffee Club).
- Main countries behind the Coffee Club are Italy, Pakistan, etc.
- Lack of substantive progress of Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN) on Council reform.
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