Collegiums system and Judicial Review | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
News Today Logo

Also in News

Posted 07 Sep 2024

8 min read

Collegiums system and Judicial Review

Supreme Court (SC) ruled that High Court (HC) Chief Justice cannot Individually reconsider Judges' Appointment, and it must be collectively done by collegium

  • SC also clarified that although ‘content of consultation’ is beyond Judicial review ‘effective consultation’ falls within its ambit. 

About Collegium 

  • It is a system for making recommendations for appointment of judges of SC and HC. 
    • Judges are appointed by President under Article 124 and 217 (respectively for SC and HC) of Constitution. 
  • For appointment in SC: Collegium consists of CJI and four other senior-most judges of the SC.
  • For appointment in HC
    • Collegium at HC consists of Chief Justice of HC and two senior judges of the concerned HC.
    • Collegium at SC consists of CJI and two seniormost Judges of the SC.

 

  • Tags :
  • Collegium System
  • Judicial Review
  • Article 124
  • Article 217

Agni Missiles

Agni-4, an Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile, was successfully launched from Integrated Test Range in Chandipur, Odisha.

About Agni Missiles

  • Conceived under Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) which was started DRDO in 1980s 
  • They are surface-to-surface ballistic missile. 
  • They have medium- to intercontinental-range. 
  • Fuelled by Solid propellant and mainstay of India's nuclear launch capability.
  • Agni Prime is the latest missile to be developed in the series. 

Other missiles developed under IGDMP are 

  • Short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile Prithvi
  • Short-range low-level surface-to-air missile Trishul
  • Medium-range surface-to-air missile Akash
  • Third generation anti-tank missile Nag

 

  • Tags :
  • Agni-4 ballistic missile
  • Agni Missiles

Digi- Yatra

Union Minister for Civil Aviation inaugurated the Digi Yatra facility for nine airports, bringing the total number of Digi Yatra-enabled airports to 24.

About Digi- Yatra

  • Launched in 2022 by Ministry of Civil Aviation.
  • Digital initiative to enhance the passenger experience with seamless, contactless, and paperless boarding at airports based on Facial Recognition Technology. 
  • Pillars: Connected Passengers, Connected Airports, Connected Flying and Connected Systems.
  • Benefit: Lower cost operations by removing redundancies at checkpoints and enhancing resource utilization.
  • No central storage of passengers' Personally Identifiable Information
    • All passenger data is encrypted and stored securely in their smartphones, shared only temporarily with origin airport, and destroyed within 24 hours of departure.
  • Tags :
  • Facial Recognition Technology
  • Digi- Yatra
  • Pillars of Digi Yatra

National Initiative For Developing And Harnessing Innovations (NIDHI)

8 new NIDHI i-TBIs inaugurated across India.

About NIDHI

  • Umbrella programme developed by Department of Science & Technology (DST) in 2016.
  • Objective: To nurture ideas and innovations (knowledge-based and technology-driven) into successful startups.
  • Implementation: National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB) under DST is funding agency.
    • All NIDHI-Startup funds and offerings are disbursed to eligible startups only through eligible NSTEDB associated incubators across India.
    • NIDHI Programmes are implemented through Technology Business Incubators (TBIs).
  • NIDHI - iTBI (Inclusive- TBI) for converting Innovations to start-ups is one of the key components of NIDHI.

 

 

  • Tags :
  • DST-NIDHI
  • Technology Business Incubators (TBIs)

Hepatitis A vaccine

Indian Immunologicals Limited launched pediatric (for children) dose of India’s first indigenous Hepatitis A vaccine, Havisure.

About Hepatitis 

  • An inflammation of liver
  • Caused infectious viruses as well as non-infectious agents.
  • Five main strains: Types A, B, C, D and E.
    • Types B and C together are most common cause of liver cirrhosis, liver cancer and viral hepatitis-related deaths. 
    • Vaccine not available for type C. 
  • National Viral Hepatitis Control Program 2019 seeks to eliminate Hepatitis C in India by 2030, achieve significant reduction in infected population with Hepatitis B and C, and reduce risk due to Hepatitis A and E.
  • Mission Indradhanush provides vaccination against Hepatitis B along with 7 other infections.
  • Tags :
  • Hepatitis
  • Havisure
  • National Viral Hepatitis Control Program 2019
  • Hepatitis A vaccine
  • Mission Indradhanush

Light pollution and Alzheimer’s risk

Night time light pollution is linked to increased Alzheimer’s risk.

  • Light pollution is excessive or inappropriate use of outdoor artificial light. 
    • It adversely affects our ability to observe stars and other celestial objects, human health and wildlife behavior.
  • The study noted that night time light pollution disrupts natural circadian rhythms and hampers sleep, making individuals more susceptible to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

About AD

  • AD (a common type of dementia) causes a progressive decline in memory, thinking, learning and organizing skills.
  • Factors responsible: Genetics and medical conditions, environmental stresses.
  • Tags :
  • Light Pollution
  • Alzheimer
  • Dementia

India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)

Minister of External Affairs, while addressing CII India Mediterranean Business Conclave, said that IMEC will be a cornerstone of global connectivity.

About IMEC

  • Announced on the sidelines of the G20 summit, for integration of Asia, Europe and the Middle East. 
    • It will consist of railroad, ship-to-rail networks and road transport routes.
  • Comprises of
    • East Corridor: connecting India to Gulf and 
    • Northern Corridor: connecting the Gulf to Europe.
  • Members: India, European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia, UAE and US. 
  • Tags :
  • IMEC
  • East Corridor
  • Northern Corridor

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Food Price Index (FFPI)

Recently, the benchmark for world food commodity prices declined marginally in August 2024.

About FFPI

  • Introduced in 1996 as a public good to help in monitoring developments in global agricultural commodity markets.
  • It is a measure of monthly change in international prices of a basket of food commodities. 
  • It consists of average of five commodity group price indices weighted by average export shares of each of groups over 2014-2016.
    • 5 commodities are Meat, Dairy productsCereals, Vegetables oil, and Sugar.
  • Tags :
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
  • FAO Food Price Index (FFPI)
Watch News Today