Presently, education is under concurrent list of Schedule 7 of the Constitution enabling both the Centre as well as the States to enact laws.
Background about listing of Education:
- Under the Government of India Act, of 1935 -Education was kept under the Provincial Legislative List.
- After independence, education was on the State list of seventh schedule.
- The 42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976) moved it to the Concurrent list, following the Swaran Singh Committee's recommendation.
- There was no explicit reason given for the change.
- Benefits of bringing education under concurrent list
- To evolve all-India policies on education as a subject.
- Lack of professionalism and corruption in state run universities.
Reasons for demand to shift education in State List
- One size fits all: Approach is neither feasible nor desirable for a diverse country like India.
- Revenue expenditure on Education: As per 'Analysis of Budgeted expenditure on Education' 2022,24% is spent by the Centre while 76% is spent by the States.
- The syllabus can be tailored according to the requirements of each state.
International Practices
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