Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) tracks notable expansion of glacial lakes in Indian Himalayas | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
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Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) tracks notable expansion of glacial lakes in Indian Himalayas

Posted 23 Apr 2024

2 min read

  • As per ISRO, long-term satellite imagery covering the catchments of Indian Himalayan river basins from 1984 to 2023 indicates significant expansion of glacial lakes.
    • Indian Himalayas are often called Third Pole because of extensive glaciers and snow cover.
    • Satellite remote sensing technology is crucial for understanding glacier retreat rates, assessing Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) risks, and gaining insights into climate change impacts.

 

  • Key observations
    • Glacial Lake is a body of water that originates from melting of glacier.
    • Based on their formation process, they are grouped  into four broad categories, namely 
      • Moraine-dammed (water dammed by moraine), Ice-dammed (water dammed by ice), Erosion (water dammed in depressions formed by erosion), and other glacial lakes
      • Material, usually soil and rock, left behind by moving glacier is called Moraine.
    • Of the 2,431 lakes, 676 glacial lakes have expanded since 1984. 130 of these lakes are situated within India in Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra River basins.
      • Among 676 expanding lakes, majority of them are Moraine-dammed followed by Erosion dammed glacial lakes. 
    • Glacial lakes are freshwater sources for rivers in Himalayan region. However, they also pose significant risks like GLOFs.

About GLOFs 

  • GLOFs occur when glacial lakes release large volumes of melt-water due to failure of natural dams, such as those made of moraine or ice, resulting in sudden and severe flooding downstream. 
    • These dam failures can be triggered by various factors, including avalanches of ice or rock, extreme weather events like global warming, earthquake etc.
  • GLOFs are recognized as a potential climatological disaster in National Disaster Management Plan 2019 of India.
  • Tags :
  • ISRO
  • Glacial Lake
  • Glacial Lake Outburst Floods
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