James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations were used to map the weather on a pair of brown dwarf stars.

• JWST is a large infrared telescope, result of an international collaboration among NASA, European Space Agency and Canadian Space Agency. 

About Brown Dwarf

• Objects which have a size between that of a giant planet like Jupiter and that of a small star.
• They do not have enough mass to fuse normal hydrogen like a regular star and thus are not able to sustain nuclear fusion. So, they are often called ‘Failed Stars’. 

Paris mayor took pre-Olympics dip to prove Seine clean ahead of 2024 Games.

About the Seine

• It’s France's second-longest river (after the Loire).
• It flows in a Northwesterly direction through Paris before emptying into the  English Channel at Le Havre.
• Origin: Near Dijon, France.
• Major tributaries: Marne, Aube and Yonne.
• Significance: It’s vital for transportation, commerce, and culture in France for centuries.
• Paris, Banks of the Seine is a cultural UNESCO World Heritage Site as it comprises some of the iconic monuments like Saint-Chapelle,  Notre Dame Cathedral and the Eiffel Tower.

Cassini's radar observations reveal new details about the seas of liquid hydrocarbons on the surface of Saturn's moon Titan. 

• Cassini  (1997-2017) was a joint space mission to Saturn, by NASA, European Space Agency, and Italian Space Agency. 

About Saturn 

• Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest in the solar system. 
• It’s surrounded by rings made of chunks of ice and rock.
• Saturn has the second-shortest day in the solar system (only 10.7 hours). 
• Saturn has 146 moons in its orbit ex. Dione, Enceladus, Epimetheus, Titan etc. 

Recently, there has been outbreak of Chandipura virus in Gujarat.

About Chandipura virus

• Also known as Chandipura vesiculovirus (CHPV), it is an Ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family.
  • It also includes the rabies virus.
• It was first identified in 1965 in Chandipura, a village in Maharashtra.
• It primarily affects children (aged 9 months-14 years) and has been associated with outbreaks of acute encephalitis in India.
• Transmission: Spread through the sting of a vector-infected sandfly and is seen more in rural areas. 
• Symptoms: Fever, vomiting, loose motion and headache.

Jerdon's Courser has not been visually spotted in over a decade.

About Jerdon's Courser

• Nocturnal bird found only in the Eastern Ghats.

• Exclusively endemic to Andhra Pradesh, specifically within the Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh.
• Protection Status: 
  • Under Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats’ (IDWH) scheme.
  • Schedule-I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
  • IUCN Status: Critically Endangered

Researchers have found evidence of an underground cave on the moon that is accessible from the surface.

• The cave was recorded at the Sea of Tranquillity, a large, dark, basaltic plains on lunar surface. 

About Lunar cave

• Lunar caves are believed to be the underground passageways formed through volcanic processes that are connected to the pits covering the moon’s surface.
• Significance of the discovery: 
  • New insight into the evolution of the moon and lunar volcanism.
  • Caves could provide shelter for future astronauts from radiation, micrometeorites, and temperature extremes.

Scientists suggest LUCA could have formed just 300 million years after Earth's formation.

About LUCA

• Researchers believe all the three branches of life i.e. bacteria, archaea, and eukarya have originated from a single microbe, called LUCA.
  • However, there is no fossil evidence to support the existence of LUCA.
• Suggested Characteristics:
  • Anaerobic: Grew in an environment devoid of oxygen.  
  • Thermophile: Heat loving microbe. 
  • Metabolism: Depended upon hydrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, turning them into compounds such as ammonia.

84,119 children were rescued by the Railway Protection Force under 'Operation Nanhe Farishtey' in the last 7 years. 

About 'Operation Nanhe Farishtey’

• It is a mission dedicated to rescuing children in need of care and protection across various Indian Railway Zones.